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Falls are one of the leading reasons for injury, particularly among the elderly. While we always accuse ill-maintained pavements, poor lighting, or plain clumsiness, there is a culprit that does not receive enough blame—medicines.
Certain medications, particularly those that influence the brain, blood pressure, or balance, have a great risk of increasing the risk of falls. However, most individuals don't know the effects their medication may have on their stability. The relationship between medications and falls is an important aspect to learn for safe and independent living.
Some drugs have side effects that contribute to increasing the likelihood of falls. These are:
Dizziness and drowsiness: Central nervous system medications such as sedatives, antidepressants, and some pain medicines can make you drowsy or dizzy.
Low blood pressure: Some drugs used to treat blood pressure can lead to a sudden drop in blood pressure upon standing, leading to dizziness and falls.
Weakness in muscles: Some drugs, including some cholesterol-lowering statins, can result in weakness in muscles, which makes it harder to move.
Balance disturbances: Drugs that disrupt the inner ear or nervous system, including some antibiotics and anti-seizure drugs, lead to balance disturbances.
Some of the most typical types of medicines that lead to falls are:
Sedatives and sleeping pills (e.g. benzodiazepines)
Antidepressants
Medications for hypertension
Diabetic medications (can cause low blood sugar and dizziness)
Potent painkillers (opioids)
Antihistamines (some will cause drowsiness and dizziness)
If you are concerned about how your medications might be affecting your balance, the following are some things you can do:
Talk to your doctor or pharmacist: Ask if there are any of your medications that increase the risk of falls and if alternatives are possible.
Have your prescriptions checked regularly: As we age, our bodies process drugs differently, so regular checking of medications is helpful.
Take drugs precisely as instructed: Don't miss doses or take more.
Stand up slowly: If you are dizzy while standing, stand up slowly from lying down or sitting.
Stay active: Gentle activities, such as walking or tai chi, can make you stronger and improve your balance.
Check your home for hazards: Eliminating hazards such as things to trip over, installing grab bars, and increasing lighting can make a huge difference.
Falls aren't always just bad luck—sometimes the drugs we're taking have a big part to play. With an awareness of risk and working with healthcare professionals to control medications safely, it is possible to reduce the risk of falls and remain independent for longer.
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